Accordingly, we previously observed that melatonin, at the same experimental conditions, not only significantly reduced the oxidative stress, the inflammation as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by neonatal brain ischemia (Carloni et al. 2014, 2016), but also early activated autophagy and rapidly rescued the HI-induced silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) depletion (Carloni et al. 2017), both having have a significant role in the complex and dynamic signalling network involved in neuroprotection. Here, SIRT1 is linked to brain ischemia.