While increased leptin concentrations were associated with higher rates of diverticulosis (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4–3.9), low molecular weight adiponectin (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.8) and sRAGE (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3–0.7) concentrations were inversely associated. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and diverticular disease.