These data indicate that accelerated phenotypic modulation of VSMCs and exacerbated atherosclerosis in Tβ4-/Y mice is associated with dysregulated LRP1-PDGFRβ pathway activity and point to a likely role for Tβ4 in controlling receptor turnover, as previously elucidated in isolated VSMCs [15], to influence the progression and outcome of atherosclerotic disease. The gene discussed is PDGFRB; the disease is atherosclerosis.