HAE retain the functional IFN signaling cascades that robustly induce type I and III IFNs in vivo in response to viral infections and have been used to model innate immune responses to viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pneumovirus (38, 39), influenza A virus (40), and SARS-CoV-2 (41), as well as other Paramyxoviridae family members such as Nipah virus (42) and parainfluenza viruses (43). Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.