Significant increases were also seen in CCL2 (also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1; p<0.0001 and p<0.01 for A. nidulans and A. fumigatus respectively), CCL3 (also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1α); p<0.0001 for both infections) and CCL4 (also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1β); p<0.0001 for A. nidulans and p<0.01 for A. fumigatus) within 24 hrs of infection. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is infection.