In the absence of stimuli, supervised analyses confirmed heterogeneous and complex patterns of IRs co-expression across CD8+ T-cell lineages altered by HIV-1 infection and shaped by ART (Sekine et al., 2020; Yamamoto et al., 2011; Jones et al., 2008; Noyan et al., 2018; Avery et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and HIV-1 infection.