Our surprising finding was that the SPP1 showed a significant decrease in copy number in the many cancers such as Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma, Ovarian Cancer, and Ovarian Epithelial Tumor, but significant increase in copy number in the Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer and BRCA, etc., suggesting that the same gene may be specifically expressed in different tumors through different mechanisms of expression regulation (Fig. 5E). Here, SPP1 is linked to cancer.