In addition to the immense worldwide toll of 76 autoimmune disorders [81], and many disabling and life-threatening microbial pathogens, these new insights into the biology of TLR7 and TLR8 are of translational significance to vaccine design, where development of TLR7 and TLR8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants constitutes a promising field of research [82]. The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is Autoimmunity.