Compared with those observed in the non-ASC patients, the expression levels of ARG1, collagen 1A1, vimentin, fibronectin, and Ki67 in the patients with ASC were markedly increased (Fig. 6), which was consistent with our observations in murine models, indicating the involvement of ARG1 in ASC patients. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy.