Direct inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) reduced the production of lactate, similar results were observed with the inhibition of mTOR or HIF1α (Extended Data Fig. 3a–c), and all three treatments were toxic to PD-1-deficient lymphoma cells (Extended Data Fig. 3d–f). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is lymphoma.