We further examined the expression of the virulence factor Fn-Dps by colabeling Fn-infected ESCC cell lines with specific anti-Fn and anti-Fn-Dps antibodies and observed the colocalization of Fn-Dps and Fn, which were mainly distributed around the cell nucleus (Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.