WNT5A mRNA was shown to be 357-fold higher in primary gastric normal myofibroblasts (gNM) compared to AGS cells and over 800-fold higher in primary gastric cancer–associated myofibroblasts (gCAM) and a pancreatic cancer–associated fibroblast cell line (pCAF2) compared to AGS cells using qRT-PCR (Fig. 1C and SI Appendix, Fig. S1B). This evidence concerns the gene WNT5A and pancreatic neoplasm.