TNF and tuberculosis: Macrophages from the COX-2i group had lower gene expression of TNF, IL-1B, CCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10 and lowered production of cytokines IFN-β and S100A8/A9 than controls.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our data suggest potential unfavorable effects with impaired macrophage capacity to control mycobacterial growth in patients with tuberculosis receiving COX-2i treatment.