Targeting DECTIN-1 increased CD4+ T cell proliferation and antibody production, whereas targetingDEC205 increased CD8+ T cell proliferation.151 β-glucan functionalization of nanoparticlesincreased CD4+ T cell proliferation compared to untargetedcontrols, and reduced tumor growth by elicitation of CD4+ Th1 cells, and to a lesser extent, of CD4+ Th9 cells.152−155 However, the dependency on DECTIN-1 remains to be demonstrated asparticle functionalization can alter charge, uptake properties, andpharmacokinetics. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.