Pioneeringstudies by Steinman and colleagues showed that selective deliveryof antigens to DCs improves T cell priming.37,38 These results have been confirmed by a myriad of follow-up studies,which reinforces that targeting antigens toward DCs improves antigenpresentation, adaptive immune responses and tumor rejection.38,39 DCs can engage CD4+ T helper cells as well as cytotoxicCD8+ T cells, both of which are required to induce longlasting antitumor immune responses.40,41. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.