BMP4 and cancer: One of the relevant proteins, whichplay an important role in prostatecancer bone metastasis is BMP proteins, a member of the TGFβsuperfamily.29 BMPs are known to be involvedin metastatic progression and tumorigenesis of many types of cancers.Most investigated family member BMP-4 enhances epithelial–mesenchymaltransition (EMT) and stem cell properties in both mammary epithelialand breast carcinoma cell lines.