NKX3-1 and cancer: Although previous data showed that BMP-2inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing G1 arrestand apoptosis,31 the latter study demonstratesthat BMP-2 is a driving factor for promoting EMT and breast cancerstemness.32 In our case, β-catenin,BMP-4, and MMP-9 expressions were significantly high in NKX3.1-silencedcells.