In colitis models, monocytes and immature macrophages can migrate to intestinal mucosa through the CCL2 or MCP-1 mediated recruitment and produce large quantities of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα, as well as inflammatory chemokines like CCL2 and CCL3 to coordinate the recruitment of other innate and adaptive immune cells, such as neutrophils, Th1, and Th17 cells (82). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and colitis.