The primary findings of this study were (1) EGF mapping can panoramically visualize atrial flow fields of increasingly complex electrical phenomena; (2) EGF mapping efficiently identifies sources of electrical activity that drive AF while local fractionation is not useful when it comes to understanding the global atrial electrical activity; and (3) during a wide variety of pacing experiments, simulated focal sources were reliably detected without false positive source detections or epiphenoma. The gene discussed is EGF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.