ULK1 and Wilson disease: In this setting, we demonstrated: (1) both autophagy and necroptosis are activated in WD; (2) higher levels of autophagy and necroptosis are triggered in R778L cells compared with WT HepG2 cells; (3) autophagy activation inhibits necroptosis; and (4) autophagy inhibits necroptosis via ULK1 and ATG16L1.