Furthermore, adults with higher GDF15 concentrations show significantly higher odds to have either-cognitive-frailty-or-depression and to have both-cognitive-frailty-and-depression in unadjusted (Fig. 1A and B, crude model, all adults) as well as in age, BMI, sex, comorbidities and hsCRP-adjusted (adjusted OR = 1.319 [1.005 – 1.731], p = 0.046; adjusted OR = 2.353 [1.267 – 4.372], p = 0.007) (Fig. 1A and B, model 1, all adults) analyses. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and depressive symptom measurement.