Notably, a meta-analysis of studies revealed that male patients with metastatic RCC experienced a greater benefit from ICIs than their female counterparts [9].The role of sex-hormone modulation has been described in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and the hormonal effects on the PD-1 pathway are important in mediating autoimmunity [10, 11]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to Autoimmunity.