It is worth mentioning that when we investigated the impact on stressing tumor cells by each component alone or combined, i.e., DSF, Cu, DFS/Cu, IR, DSF/Cu+IR, we found DSF/Cu+IR is most effective in activating the XBP1 axis, a crucial parameter of ER stress (Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 1c). The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is neoplasm.