SIRT1 and allergic rhinitis: Yue et al found that inhibition of HMGB1 improved allergic rhinitis as well as inflammatory factor expression in mice model.[18] Yuan et al suggested that SIRT1 administration attenuated HMGB1 protein expression and regulated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators to reduce allergic symptoms in AR mice.[29] A clinical study by Zhu et al found high expression of HMGB1 levels in nasal lavage fluid samples from AR patients.[30] However, there are no more clinical studies on the role of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in patients with AR.