APOA2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Therefore, new diagnostic biomarker candidates have been developed, such as apolipoprotein A isoforms (apoA2-i) and circular RNAs, that can detect not only stage I/II pancreatic cancer but also benign precancerous diseases such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN; refs. 30, 31).