For example, lactoferrin, a host-derived innate defense molecule, is effective at preventing P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in well-oxygenated flow chambers (Singh et al., 2002), but culturing P. aeruginosa in concentrated mucus from human airways revealed a complete lack of efficacy of lactoferrin in preventing the formation of suspended aggregate-type biofilms resembling those found in CF patients (Matsui et al., 2006). Here, LTF is linked to cystic fibrosis.