For instance, elevated NGF-β, SDF-1α, and SCGFβ were not only associated with a higher risk of CKD, but also had the potential to decrease eGFR; increased IL7, IL8, and IL13 not only contributed to the likelihood of CKD, but also may have contributed to Rapid3; TNF was associated with both CKD and CKDi25; increased IFN-γ not only contributed to a higher risk of Rapid3, but also may be causally associated with dialysis. Here, IFNG is linked to chronic kidney disease.