IFNA1 and infection: While the co-evolution of Mallard ducks with influenza virus have allowed host-pathogen interaction and resistance through retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway, providing asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections with robust IFN response, chickens lacking the key sensors of RIG-I pathway, with compromised host response, show significant inflammatory changes, associated clinical signs and lesions to the skin, respiratory, digestive, reproductive and nervous systems following high pathogenic influenza virus (HPAIV) infections (117–119).