Molecular epidemiological studies conducted in high AFB1 exposure areas show that the genetic alterations in DNA repair genes (including XPC, XRCC4, XRCC1, and XPD) are not only associated with low DNA damage repair capacity and result in increasing amounts of ADAs, but also increase HCC risk and short survival of patients with HCC [15, 30–33]. The gene discussed is XRCC1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.