TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: IPF is believed to arise from aberrant fibrotic remodelling caused by excessive fibroblast activation, which is associated with the deregulation of signalling initiated by fibrotic factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [1].