IGFBP1 and inflammatory bowel disease: By comparison to ~300 loci associated with IBD susceptibility, only few polymorphisms disposing to IBD prognosis have been identified; specifically, FOXO3, XACT, IGFBP1, and HLA, which were identified via GWAS of patients with indolent and clinically more severe CD (61), rather than stricturing versus penetrating disease behaviours used here.