By comparison to ~300 loci associated with IBD susceptibility, only few polymorphisms disposing to IBD prognosis have been identified; specifically, FOXO3, XACT, IGFBP1, and HLA, which were identified via GWAS of patients with indolent and clinically more severe CD (61), rather than stricturing versus penetrating disease behaviours used here. The gene discussed is FOXO3; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.