THBS1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In addition, increasing studies suggest that THBS1 is a prognostic biomarker of cancers and/or plays complex roles in various cancer types, such as glioblastoma [41, 42], papillary thyroid cancer [43], gastric cancer [44, 45], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [46], and acute myeloid leukemia [47].