Immunoblotting of lysates from each of these cell lines revealed that levels of CtBP1/2 and NAMPT were higher in PDAC cell lines compared with HPNE cells, suggesting that both CtBP and NAMPT enzymatic activities may be hyperactive in PDAC tumor cells compared with normal pancreatic ductal cells (Fig. 1B; Supplementary Fig. S2). This evidence concerns the gene CTBP1 and neoplasm.