Conventional biomarkers such as NSE and ProGRP are elevated in some SCLC cases, but their specificity and sensitivity are insufficient for an accurate diagnosis.32,33 Although some proteins, microRNAs, and exosomes have been subsequently adapted to detect SCLC,17,34,35 specific biomarkers capable of identifying SCLC with relatively high specificity and sensitivity have not yet been discovered. This evidence concerns the gene GRP and small cell lung carcinoma.