In bi-variable logistic regression analysis, age of the child at enrolment, sex of the child, residence of caregiver, marital status of the caregiver, parental status of the child, disclosure status, CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, presence of opportunistic infection, duration on HAART, treatment failure, adherence to HAART, on isoniazid prophylaxis therapy, on cotrimoxazole therapy and MUAC of the children had an association with anaemia. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia (phenotype).