IKBKB and Parkinson disease: In LPS- or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mediated PD animals, the IKKβ activity is increased in substantia nigra because of the overexpression of its phosphorylation 70-72, which significantly promoted LPS-induced neurotoxicity 71, such as dopaminergic and tyrosine hydroxylase positive cell death, while its genetic abolishment or inhibition of IKKβ attenuated the neuroinflammation 70, 73-76.