ACE and thoracic aortic aneurysm: Missense mutations in MYH11 have been linked to higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and β (MIP-1-α and MIP-1-β) expression in the aorta and explanted aortic smooth muscle cells of a patient with non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (Pannu et al., 2007).