The study revealed that the anti-obesity effect of L. paracasei AO356 may be associated with the downregulation of adipogenesis transcription factor and lipid metabolism-related genes, such as Srebp1c, Pparγ, Fas, C/ebpα, and Fabp4 and upregulation of thermogenesis-related genes, such as Ucp1, Cpt1, Pgc1α, Cidea, and Prdm16 in epididymal and subcutaneous fat pads. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.