EIF2AK2 and inflammatory bowel disease: In 2011, we identified the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) as a signaling component of the mammalian mtUPR and demonstrated its disease-relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases (Rath et al., 2011), findings that have been confirmed by us and others (Jackson et al., 2020; Khaloian et al., 2020).