AFP and neoplasm: However, no significant difference in anticancer activity was detected in R848@M2pep-MPs- and R848@M2pep-MPsAFP-treated mice bearing H22 liver tumors which lacked AFP expression (Supplementary Fig. 23a–h), further confirming that R848@M2pep-MPsAFP-reprogrammed M2-like TAMs might present AFP antigen to activate CD8+ T cells and exert antigen-specific killing of tumor cells.