Tumor immune microenvironment analysis showed that combined treatment of R848@M2pep-MPsAFP and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly increased the numbers of CD80+ TAMs (Supplementary Fig. 36a), CD86+ TAMs (Supplementary Fig. 36b) and MHC II+ TAMs (Supplementary Fig. 36c), while decreasing the numbers of CD206+ TAMs (Supplementary Fig. 36d) in tumor tissues of orthotopic HCC mice compared with R848@M2pep-MPsAFP or anti-PD-1 antibody alone treatment. Here, CD80 is linked to neoplasm.