CD4 and neoplasm: R848@M2pep-MPsAFP significantly increased the numbers of CD4+ T cells (Supplementary Fig. 24a), activated CD4+CD69+ T cells (Supplementary Fig. 24b), CD8+ T cells (Fig. 5e), proliferated CD8+ T cells (Fig. 5f) and activated CD8+CD69+ T cells (Fig. 5g), CD8+IFNγ+ T cells (Fig. 5h) and CD8+GzmB+ T cells (Fig. 5i) in tumor tissues compared with free R848, R848@MPs, R848@M2pep-MPs and R848@MPsAFP.