As expected, the combination of R848@M2pep-MPsOVA and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited the tumor growth compared with R848@M2pep-MPsOVA or anti-PD-1 antibody (Supplementary Fig. 42a–d and Fig. 8j), exhibiting synergistic anticancer effects. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.