Considering that TAMs are highly infiltrated in the tumor tissues and M1-like TAMs serve as APCs23,25, developing TAM-directed adaptive immunity by reprogramming M2-like TAMs to M1-like phenotype and then presenting tumor-associated antigens to promote and activate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including stem-like CD8+ T cells might achieve comprehensive cancer immunotherapy for improved anti-PD-1 therapy. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is cancer.