According to the studies reviewed above, the combination of thymosin and EGFR-TKIs showed superior benefits for OS and DFS compared to EGFR-TKI monotherapy (67), whereas postoperative adjuvant therapy with Tα1 plus EGFR-TKIs (including targeted plus chemotherapy, targeted plus chemoradiotherapy) did not show better benefits in OS and DFS in LC patients with LC who were adjuvant with Tα1 plus EGFR-TKIs (68). This evidence concerns the gene TAAR1 and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.