INS and Insulin resistance: The impacts of VDRs (TaqI, BsmI, FokI, ApaI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms) on LH and SHBG concentrations (Ranjzad et al., 2011), testosterone concentrations (Wehr et al., 2011), insulin resistance, and plasma insulin concentrations have all been associated with the pathophysiology of PCOS (Wehr et al., 2011).