Simultaneously, the S100A8/A9–SSSRs axis participates in many aspects of tumor initiation and development, usually involving MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR along with the assistance of VEGF, YAP, Nrf2, and HIF-1 (Jiang et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2015). Here, S100A8 is linked to neoplasm.