The addition of recombinant human S100A8/A9 protein promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion via the Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, whereas S100A8/A9 silencing suppresses carcinoma cell migration and invasion, as well as Akt and p38 MAPK activation (Tanigawa et al., 2022). Here, S100A8 is linked to carcinoma.