TNF and depressive symptom measurement: Bendezú et al. (2022) found that changes in peripheral IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with depression and that the inflammatory stress response was concurrent with the HPA stress response after assays of peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in adolescent girls with psychopathology risks.