VWF and depressive symptom measurement: They found no clear evidence of an effect of depression on plasma vWF (3 studies), but reported more cross-sectional white matter hyperintensities in those with depression (OR per standard deviation 1.29, p < 0.001) and an effect of white matter hyperintensities on incident depression in the 8 longitudinal studies examined (pooled OR 1.18, p < 0.001) [76].