TLR4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In this study, SNHG16, TLR4 and TRAF6 expression and cell death processes including apoptosis, autophagy and NETs formation were examined in lung tissues and peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes from AH patients associated with SLE and other autoimmune diseases as well as in the lungs and spleen from a pristane-induced C57BL/6 AH mouse model.