Expression of SNHG16, TLR4 and TRAF6 and cell death processes were examined in lung tissues and peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes from AH patients associated with SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and in the lungs and spleen from a pristane-induced C57BL/6 mouse AH model. Here, SNHG16 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.