Similarly, all of the results from the univariate competing risk analyses in the individual Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers were in the same direction as our main findings on HRs of APOE4. Importantly, the data from different centers were independent samples, so the consistency in the direction of the subdistribution hazard ratios across different centers indicates that our results were not swayed by strong effects from a few particular centers or sub-groups, or by an aberrant occurrence in the dataset. Here, APOE is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.