TIAR is initially discovered as one of the main components of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granules.40 However, further studies revealed that TIAR is one of the ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins involved in forming stress granules in the cytoplasm of cells in response to diverse stimuli, including viral infection.36 Two isoforms of TIAR are generated by the alternative splicing of the pre-mRNAs,41i.e., 42-kDa TIARα and 40-kDa TIARβ. This evidence concerns the gene TIAL1 and viral infectious disease.