By using single-cell transcriptomic and pathway analysis, we found that IL-6 and G-CSF engagement in noncanonical signaling via the ERK/MAPK pathway, involved in fibrosis and wound healing response [60,61], to be crucial in cancer cells outgrowth (Fig 3), instead of the canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involved in inflammatory response as shown by previous studies [19,59]. Here, IL6 is linked to cancer.