We have shown that Raldh2 and Raldh3 are induced in peritubular monocyte/macrophages and myofibroblasts after IRI-AKI and have used RAR reporter mice to show that RAR signaling is activated in adjacent renal macrophages and in injured Kim1+ PTECs after IRI-AKI (41). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A3 and acute kidney injury.