AIP and diabetes mellitus: After adjusting for age, race, education level, marital status, poverty-income ratio (PIR), smoking, BMI, physical activity, antihyperlipidemic agents, DM, CVD, hypotensive drugs, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and total energy intake, we found that both low [HR = 1.18, 95%CI: (1.07–1.32)] and high [HR = 1.17, 95%CI: (1.03–1.33)] levels of AIP were linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and the U-shape association between AIP and CVD-specific mortality was also found [low AIP level: HR = 1.26, 95%CI: (1.05–1.51); high AIP level: HR = 1.26, 95%CI: (1.06–1.49)].