NUPR1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: As group 1 genes, including multiple mitochondria-associated genes, β-cell maturation and function genes (Ucn3, Ftl1, Cd63 and Scg2)47,89 and protective genes (Nupr1, Atp2a2 and Atf5)90–92, are involved in healthy metabolic stress recovery they may be of interest for T2D therapy.