VGF and diabetes mellitus: For example, NOD group T1-up1 also showed high expression in cell states from db/db and mSTZ datasets (Fig. 6a) and partially overlapped with db/db + mSTZ upregulated genes (Extended Data Fig. 10d), with the overlap containing multiple genes previously associated with diabetes (Gc, Fabp5, Spp1 and Vgf)104–107.